Christoph Buys Ballot (1817-1890), oprichter van het KNMI, was een van ’s werelds beroemdste meteorologen. Als zoon van een rijke dominee studeerde hij in Utrecht letteren én natuurwetenschap, tot de laatste zijn volle aandacht eiste. Toen zijn materietheorie op onbegrip stuitte, nam een gefrustreerde Buys Ballot de ‘speelpop’ van de meteorologie ter hand. Met succes. Op bolwerk Sonnenborgh verrees een weerkundig observatorium dat dankzij Thorbecke, die het nut zag van snellere en veiliger vaarroutes naar Indië, in 1854 promoveerde tot rijksinstituut. Internationale roem bracht de ontdekking van het verband tussen luchtdrukverdeling en wind: de wet van Buys Ballot. Weer en wind portretteert een veelzijdig onderzoeker, meer ‘beschouwer’ dan experimentator. Buys Ballot was een diplomatieke duizendpoot met tomeloze energie, bewonderd om zijn organisatorisch talent. NaastKNMI-directeur was hij in Utrecht voltijds hoogleraar in wis- en natuurkunde en op de Veluwe bezat hij landgoederen waarop hij aan bosbouw deed. Kenmerkend voor zijn toewijding: toen de Nederlandse poolexpeditie van 1882-1883 ingevroren raakte, stond Buys Ballot met zijn ganse familiekapitaal garant voor een reddingsoperatie. Dirk van Delft (1951) is oud-directeur van Rijksmuseum Boerhaave. Met zijn biografie over Kamerlingh Onnes won hij in 2005 de NWO Eurekaprijs voor wetenschapscommunicatie. Zijn monumentale biografie over Lorentz (samen met Frits Berends) is in 2021 bekroond met de Boerhaave BiografiePrijs."-- $c Provided by publisher.

This essay examines the transformation of a local rule of thumb into a widely acknowledged meteorological law, generally known as Buys Ballot’s law. This law relates wind direction to atmospheric pressure. From 1857 to 1867, Christophorus Buys Ballot (1817–1890) actively lobbied in the international arena for his wind rule, which he regarded as a promising basis for a system of storm warnings. At the same time he was reluctant to generalize his rule beyond the Dutch boundaries or to make strong claims about its predictive nature. Initially he failed to interest foreign meteorologists in his work, partly because of a widespread scepticism with regard to meteorological predictions, and partly because some of his foreign colleagues favored competing theories. One of his main rivals in this respect was Robert Fitzroy, director of the British Meteorological Office, who had set up his own warning system. This practice provoked the wrath of the Royal Society, as its members regarded Fitzroy’s theories and the resulting predictions as unscientific. After his death the Society took the British Meteorological Office under its control and abolished the practice of storm warnings. The resulting wave of protests from people who felt they had benefitted from the warnings landed the Society in an awkward predicament. The warnings could only be reintroduced without losing face if they had a ‘‘scientific’’ basis, and therefore finding a sound basis for storm predictions became a matter of urgency. At last Buys Ballot found a willing ear for his campaign. A rapid verification of his wind rule in Britain sufficed for the introduction of the unprecedented expression ‘‘Buys Ballot’s law’’ in the Royal Society reports. From these authoritative reports the designation rapidly spread all over the world, thus becoming a current expression.

The history of scientific research undertaken by Europeans in regions where they were the colonizing powers has been a popular and well researched topic for two decades now. A growing number of studies, with some preponderance of botany and medicine, have appeared on colonial and protocolonial science in the Americas and in Asia, and it seems likely that this is more than just a fad. However, scientific research by Europeans on and in the Indonesian archipelago does not figure prominently in this literature. Very few scholars working on Indonesia – with Lewis Pyenson (1989, 1998) as the main exception – have specialized in this potentially rewarding field. In order to give an impression of topics that could profitably be addressed, this article presents an overview, in very broad outline, of European – and particularly Dutch – scientific research on Indonesia during the last four centuries, with emphasis on the periods of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC, Dutch East India Company) and the Dutch colonial state.

Gedicht door Nicolaas Beets door hem uitgesproken tijdens de feestdis t.g.v. het veertigjarig jubileum van C.H.D. Buys Ballot als professor in de wis- en natuurkunde